Preheat the oven to 375°F (190°C). Lightly grease a 9-by-9-inch (23-by-23 cm) baking dish.
To prepare the filling, combine the apples, maple syrup, orange juice, orange zest, cinnamon, cardamom, nutmeg, vanilla, salt, and cornstarch in a large bowl. Mix until the apples are evenly coated and the cornstarch is fully dispersed.
Transfer the mixture to the prepared baking dish, spreading it into an even layer.
To make the topping, combine the all-purpose flour, almond flour, oats, cinnamon, cardamom, and cloves in a large bowl.
Add the diced cold butter, brown sugar, vanilla, and salt and use your fingertips or a pastry cutter to work it into the dry ingredients until coarse crumbs form.
Sprinkle the topping evenly over the apple mixture, covering it completely but without pressing it down.
Bake for 40–45 minutes, or until the topping is golden brown and the filling is bubbling around the edges. Remove from the oven and let rest for 15 minutes before serving.
Serve warm with either vegan whipped cream or vanilla ice cream, and a light dusting of cinnamon.