Bring the vegetable stock for the soy curls to a boil over high heat, then pour it over the soy curls. Let stand for 10 minutes to hydrate the soy curls. Drain the soy curls through a wire mesh strainer, pressing gently to remove excess liquid. Set aside.
Heat olive oil for the soy curls in a wide skillet over medium heat. After 90 seconds, when the oil is hot, add the drained soy curls in an even layer. Cook for 6-7 minutes, stirring and flipping the pieces occasionally, until the soy curls are golden on most sides.
Add the minced chipotle peppers and cook for 1 additional minute, stirring to coat evenly. Transfer to a bowl and hold to the side until ready to finish the soup.
Remove the seeds and stems from the chiles. In a skillet or comal over medium-high heat, toast the chiles for a couple of minutes on both sides until they are fragrant and pliable feeling.
Place the toasted chiles in a heatproof bowl, pour the boiling water over them, and fully submerge, placing a plate over the bowl to trap steam inside. Let stand for 15 minutes until softened.
Drain the chiles, reserving 1 cup of the soaking liquid. Transfer the chiles to a blender with the reserved soaking liquid and blend until completely smooth. Set aside.
Heat olive oil for the soup in a large pot over medium heat. After 90 seconds, when the oil is hot, add the diced onion and cook for 5 minutes, stirring every 30 seconds, until softened.
Add the garlic, tomatoes, and the blended chile base to the pot and cook for 3-4 minutes, stirring occasionally, until slightly thickened.
Add the vegetable stock, hominy, beans, oregano, brown sugar, lime juice, and salt. Bring to a steady simmer over medium heat, then reduce to medium-low heat and cook for 20 minutes, stirring every few minutes.
Remove about ¼ of the soup and transfer it to a blender. Blend until smooth, then return it to the pot and stir the cooked soy curls into the soup.
Portion into bowls and serve hot topped with cabbage, radishes, avocado, lime wedges, cilantro, and white onion.